“A proximity reader is a device used to read information from a proximity card or token without the need for physical contact. It is commonly used for access control systems, security systems, and various identification applications. The term “”proximity”” refers to the fact that the card or token only needs to be in close proximity to the reader to be detected and read.
Here’s how a proximity reader operates:
Proximity Card or Token: A proximity card or token contains a small integrated circuit (IC) and an antenna. The IC holds the necessary data, such as an identification number or encrypted information, while the antenna allows the card to communicate wirelessly with the reader.
Radio Frequency (RF) Communication: Proximity readers use radio frequency (RF) communication to interact with the cards or tokens. The reader emits a low-power RF signal, usually in the range of 125 kHz or 13.56 MHz, which is received by the antenna on the card.
Energy Transfer: The RF signal emitted by the reader serves a dual purpose. Firstly, it provides the necessary energy to power the integrated circuit on the card. This is known as “”energy transfer”” or “”energy harvesting.”” The card doesn’t require a battery because it derives the power it needs from the RF field generated by the reader.
Data Exchange: Once powered, the IC on the card becomes active and modulates the RF signal it receives from the reader. The modulated signal carries the data stored on the card, such as an identification number. This data is then sent back to the reader using the same RF communication.
Reader Reception: The proximity reader detects the modulated signal from the card’s antenna. The reader’s antenna receives the signal and extracts the data encoded by the card.
Data Processing and Authentication: The reader processes the received data, which could include an identification number or other relevant information. Depending on the system’s design, the reader might then compare this data to a database of authorized users to determine whether the cardholder should be granted access.
Access Decision: Based on the authentication process, the proximity reader communicates with the access control system. If the cardholder is authorized, the system may unlock a door, gate, or grant access as programmed. If unauthorized, access will be denied.
It’s important to note that the term “”proximity reader”” is often used interchangeably with “”proximity card reader”” or “”RFID card reader.”” RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the overarching technology that encompasses proximity card systems.
Overall, proximity readers offer the advantage of convenience and quick access without the need for physical contact, making them suitable for various security and identification applications.”