“In construction projects, different types of water are used for various purposes. The classification of water types is based on their source, treatment, and specific properties. The major types of water used in construction are as follows:
Potable Water:
Potable water refers to clean and safe drinking water that meets the quality standards set by regulatory bodies. This water type is typically sourced from public water supplies or treated wells. In construction projects, potable water is primarily used for human consumption, mixing concrete, curing concrete, and other general construction needs.
Non-Potable Water:
Non-potable water is water that does not meet the drinking water standards and is not safe for human consumption. However, it can still be used for various construction purposes, as long as it does not come into contact with humans. Non-potable water can be sourced from rainwater harvesting, recycled wastewater, or other untreated sources. Common uses include dust control, landscaping, concrete production (where appropriate), and equipment cleaning.
Process Water:
Process water is water that undergoes specific treatment to meet certain requirements for construction processes. It may come from various sources, including potable water treated to a higher standard or wastewater that has undergone treatment for specific construction purposes. Process water is used in construction for activities like mixing concrete, batching of construction materials, and in specialized construction machinery that requires clean water.
Groundwater:
Groundwater is the water present beneath the Earth’s surface, stored in underground aquifers. It can be tapped through wells or boreholes and is often used in construction projects for dewatering excavations. Dewatering helps control the water table level and prevents water from infiltrating and destabilizing construction sites.
Surface Water:
Surface water includes rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams. In some construction projects, surface water is utilized for temporary water supply, dust control, or construction site irrigation. However, it is essential to consider environmental impacts and obtain the necessary permits when using surface water.
Brackish Water:
Brackish water is a mix of seawater and freshwater and contains higher salinity levels than freshwater but lower salinity levels than seawater. In certain coastal construction projects, brackish water may be used for non-critical purposes like dust control, but it requires careful consideration of its impact on construction materials and vegetation.
It’s important to note that the type of water used in construction projects should comply with local regulations and safety standards. Moreover, water conservation practices should be followed to minimize wastage and promote sustainable construction practices.”